Economics, entropy and sustainability

نویسندگان

  • GEORGE F. McMAHON
  • JANUSZ R. MROZEK
  • George F. McMahon
  • Janusz R. Mrozek
چکیده

Neoclassical economics has only recently considered the problem of sustainability—how to provide for the well-being of future generations given ecological constraints. In general, the neoclassical economist perceives physical and ecological constraints on economy-environment interactions as inconveniences that will inevitably be overcome by substitution—the discovery of new economic resources or technologies allowing the conversion of noneconomic materials to economic goods. Ecologists and ecological economists, however, argue that the constraints will bind. The debate centres on the relevance of entropy to the economics of resource use: irrelevant in the neoclassical view, relevant in the ecological. This paper places entropy, within the context of neoclassical economic thought, as a limit to economic growth. The paper rigorously argues the existence of limits to knowledge and consequently to technology and substitution, undermining a basic assumption of neoclassical economics and establishing the relevance of entropy to economic theories of resource use. Economie, entropie et durabilité Résumé Ce n'est que récemment que l'économie néo-classique s'est intéressée au problème de la durabilité, à savoir assurer le bien-être des générations futures en présence de contraintes écologiques. En général, l'économiste néo-classique considère les contraintes physiques et écologiques auxquelles sont soumises les interactions entre l'environnement et l'économie comme des inconvénients qui seront nécessairement surmontés par substitution, c'est à dire par la découverte de nouvelles technologies ou ressources économiques permettant la transformation d'objets non-économiques en biens économiques. Les écologistes et les économistes écologiques soutiennent par contre que ces contraintes finiront par prévaloir. La discussion tourne autour de la pertinence du concept d'entropie en économie de l'utilisation des ressources: hors de propos selon la vision néo-classique, appropriée selon celle de l'écologie. Cette étude identifie, dans le contexte de la pensée économique néo-classique, l'entropie comme une limite à la croissance économique. Cette étude argumente rigoureusement l'existence de limites aux connaissances et par conséquent à la technologie et à la substitution, réfutant ainsi une hypothèse fondamentale de l'économie néo-classique et établissant la pertinence de l'entropie dans le domaine de l'économie de l'utilisation des ressources.

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تاریخ انتشار 2007